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Irâdah, the mind, the sentiments and the Rabbânî subtle faculties, which are the four elements of the conscience (wijdân) and the four faculties of the rûh, each have an ultimate aim:

• The ultimate aim of the irâdah is ‘ibâdah to Allah;

• the ultimate aim of the mind is ma’rifatullah;

• the ultimate aim of the sentiments is the love of Allah (muhabbatullah);

• the ultimate aim of the subtle faculties is mushâhadatullah1 .

The perfect ‘ibâdah named taqwâ comprises all four of them. The Sharî'ah both cultivates (tanmiyah) and refines (tahzîb) them, directing them toward their ultimate aims.