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Irâdah, mind, feelings and Rabbânî subtle faculties, which are the four elements of the conscience (Vijdân1) and the four faculties of the rûh, each have an ultimate aim. The ultimate aim of the irâdah is ‘ibâdah to Allah; the ultimate aim of mind is ma’rifatullah; the ultimate aim of feelings is the love of Allah; the ultimate aim of subtle faculties is mushâhadatullah2. The perfect ‘ibâdah that is called taqwâ comprises the four of them. Sharî'ah both cultivates and corrects them and directs them towards their ultimate aims.
1 (Vijdân: A faculty of man that is able to distinguish right and wrong, evil and good, and that takes pleasure from good and right and suffers pain due to bad and evil. The uncorrupted fitrah of man.) (Tr.)
2 (Mushâhadatullah: Observing, perceiving and understanding the manifestation of the names of Allah in His works as though witnessing and seeing Him.)(Tr.)
Dictionary / Arabic - Turkish Terminology